The four foundational elements of behavioural therapy are antecedents, behaviours, consequences, and reinforcement.
These form the basis of the ABC model used in Functional Behaviour Assessments (FBA), a core part of NDIS Behaviour Support. An antecedent is what happens right before the behaviour—it might be a demand, transition, or environmental change. The behaviour is the child’s observable action, such as shouting, hitting, or withdrawing. The consequence follows the behaviour and either strengthens or weakens its future occurrence—like gaining attention or being removed from a task. Finally, reinforcement refers to strategies used to increase positive behaviours, such as praise, tokens, or access to preferred activities. Behavioural therapists use this framework to understand why behaviours occur and develop targeted interventions that promote learning and skill development.
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